Instructions: For each item:
(1) Pronoun Type — Personal / Demonstrative / Relative / Interrogative
(2) Pronoun — write out the Hebrew pronoun
(3) Parse (PGN) — give Person, Gender, Number where applicable; for Relative and Interrogative write indecl.
(4) Translation — translate the full phrase
Items 1–8 — Independent Personal Pronouns
#
Hebrew
Pronoun Type
Pronoun
Parse (PGN)
Translation
1
אֲנִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם
✓
אֲנִי
Personal
אֲנִי
1cs
"I am the LORD your God"
2
אַתָּה עַבְדִּי
✓
אַתָּה
Personal
אַתָּה
2ms
"You are my servant"
3
הוּא הַכֹּהֵן
✓
הוּא
Personal
הוּא
3ms
"He is the priest"
4
הִיא הַמַּלְכָּה
✓
הִיא
Personal
הִיא
3fs
"She is the queen"
5
אֲנַחְנוּ עֲבָדֶיךָ
✓
אֲנַחְנוּ
Personal
אֲנַחְנוּ
1cp
"We are your servants"
6
אַתֶּם עֵדַי
✓
אַתֶּם
Personal
אַתֶּם
2mp
"You are my witnesses"
7
אָנֹכִי הָאִישׁ
✓
אָנֹכִי
Personal
אָנֹכִי
1cs (archaic)
"I am the man"
8
הֵם הַכֹּהֲנִים
✓
הֵם
Personal
הֵם
3mp
"They are the priests"
Items 9–15 — Demonstrative Pronouns
#
Hebrew
Pronoun Type
Pronoun
Parse (PGN)
Translation
9
הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה
✓
הַזֶּה
Demonstrative
הַזֶּה
ms (near, attributive)
"this man"
10
הָאִשָּׁה הַזֹּאת
✓
הַזֹּאת
Demonstrative
הַזֹּאת
fs (near, attributive)
"this woman"
11
הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה
✓
הָאֵלֶּה
Demonstrative
הָאֵלֶּה
cp (near, attributive)
"these words/things"
12
זֶה הָאִישׁ
✓
זֶה
Demonstrative
זֶה
ms (near, predicate)
"This is the man"
13
זֹאת הָאָרֶץ
✓
זֹאת
Demonstrative
זֹאת
fs (near, predicate)
"This is the land"
14
בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא
✓
הַהוּא
Demonstrative
הַהוּא
ms (far, attributive)
"on that day"
15
בָּעֵת הַהִיא
✓
הַהִיא
Demonstrative
הַהִיא
fs (far, attributive)
"at that time"
Items 16–21 — Relative Pronoun אֲשֶׁר
#
Hebrew
Pronoun Type
Pronoun
Parse (PGN)
Translation
16
הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר בָּא
✓
אֲשֶׁר
Relative
אֲשֶׁר
indecl. (subject rel.)
"the man who came"
17
הָאִשָּׁה אֲשֶׁר רָאִיתִי
✓
אֲשֶׁר
Relative
אֲשֶׁר
indecl. (object rel.)
"the woman whom I saw"
18
הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר נָתַן יְהוָה לָנוּ
✓
אֲשֶׁר
Relative
אֲשֶׁר
indecl. (object rel.)
"the land that the LORD gave to us"
19
הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר עָבַד אֶת יְהוָה
✓
אֲשֶׁר
Relative
אֲשֶׁר
indecl. (subject rel.)
"the man who served the LORD"
20
הַמִּצְוָה אֲשֶׁר צִוִּיתִיךָ
✓
אֲשֶׁר
Relative
אֲשֶׁר
indecl. (object rel.)
"the commandment that I commanded you"
21
הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר שָׁמַעְתָּ
✓
אֲשֶׁר
Relative
אֲשֶׁר
indecl. (object rel.)
"the word/thing that you heard"
Items 22–25 — Interrogative Pronouns (מִי / מַה)
#
Hebrew
Pronoun Type
Pronoun
Parse (PGN)
Translation
22
מִי אַתָּה
✓
מִי
Interrogative
מִי
indecl. (persons)
"Who are you?"
23
מַה זֶּה
✓
מַה
Interrogative
מַה
indecl. (things)
"What is this?"
24
מִי הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה
✓
מִי
Interrogative
מִי
indecl. (persons)
"Who is this man?"
25
מַה עָשִׂיתָ
✓
מַה
Interrogative
מַה
indecl. (things)
"What have you done?"
Notes on Selected Items
Items 1–8 (Personal pronouns): All function as the copula in verbless predicative clauses — Hebrew has no present-tense form of "to be." The pronoun stands between subject and predicate noun/adjective.
Item 7:אָנֹכִי is the archaic/literary variant of אֲנִי. Both are 1cs; אָנֹכִי appears in the Decalogue (Exo 20:2) and poetic contexts.
Items 9–11 (Near demonstrative, attributive): Both the noun and the demonstrative carry the definite article: הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה. The article on the demonstrative is required — attributive demonstratives must match the definiteness of the noun.
Items 12–13 (Demonstrative, predicate): Without the article on the demonstrative, the construction means "this is the X" — a predicate use.
Items 14–15 (Far demonstrative, attributive):הַהוּא / הַהִיא are the 3rd-person pronouns with the article prefixed. Context and the presence of a modified noun distinguishes them from personal pronouns.
Items 16–21 (Relative אֲשֶׁר):אֲשֶׁר never changes form. It is strictly indeclinable regardless of the gender, number, or syntactic role of its antecedent.
Items 22–25 (Interrogative מִי / מַה):מִי always refers to persons; מַה to things. Item 25 מַה עָשִׂיתָ is one of the most frequent question patterns in the OT (Gen 3:13; 4:10; 12:18).
Reflection Questions
In items 1–8, why does Hebrew use an independent personal pronoun even though no verb is present? What grammatical function does the pronoun serve in each verbless clause?
Compare items 9 (הָאִישׁ הַזֶּה) and 12 (זֶה הָאִישׁ). What is the structural difference, and how does it change the meaning from attributive ("this man") to predicate ("this is the man")?
In items 16–21, אֲשֶׁר introduces relative clauses with different grammatical functions (subject, object, etc.). For each item, identify whether the antecedent functions as the subject or object within the relative clause. How would you signal a possessive relative clause in Hebrew? (Hint: resumptive pronoun)